Introduction to Securities Litigation and Pleading a Strong Inference of Scienter Securities litigation changed dramatically after passage of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PSLRA). The PLSRA marked a significant shift in the landscape of securities class actions and corporate governance. The primary aim of the PSLRA was to curb frivolous lawsuits that often plagued corporations and to

Introduction to the Legal and Regulatory Requirements for Securities Class Actions Securities class actions, such as those related to securities fraud, are no longer a niche litigation risk reserved for large-cap issuers. They are a predictable feature of modern capital markets, shaped by regulatory scrutiny, rapid information flows, and sophisticated plaintiff strategies. In 2026, the practical question for boards, executives,

Introduction to Securities Class Actions and Enhancing Robust Internal Controls Securities class actions remain one of the most consequential risk categories for public companies and their directors and officers. They are costly, operationally disruptive, and reputationally enduring. More importantly, they are increasingly predictable. In many matters, the initiating event is not a surprise market development, but a foreseeable internal control

Introduction to Securities Litigation and Investor Protection Securities litigation, a term that once seemed exclusive to large-cap fraud scandals, has evolved into a fundamental investor protection mechanism. This change is not just a regulatory objective but a crucial corporate discipline that encompasses disclosure, control, and oversight. In 2026, the implications of securities litigation extend far beyond legal boundaries; it has